Diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer

[Diagnosis]

1, there painless breast lump, most of them inadvertently or census found. Inspection, the less clear the boundary mass, quality hard, uneven surface, range of small or completely fixed, and the skin adhesion while a “dimple sign”, ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes may be palpable. In the case of late breast lymphoedema the skin may appear, showing “orange peel”-like changes in skin around the satellite section, mass may be ulceration have bad smell.

2, B-ultrasound diagnosis of helpful, can be used as the preferred screening method.

3, mammography can see the shadow of mass, shape irregular, the edge of burr-like shadow, and sometimes shows an irregular distribution of fine sand-like calcification, axillary lymph nodes can also be displayed in the film.

4, fine-needle aspiration biopsy can mostly be diagnosed.

5, routine for chest X-ray and liver B-mode ultrasound to detect or exclude distant metastasis.

6, in the collection should pay attention to whether a history of breast cancer risk factors, such as family history, early menarche (12 years ago), late menopause (after age 55), old unmarried, pregnant or not, after 35 years of age the beginning of production, suffered from over the side of the breast, and certain other pre-cancerous breast lesions.

7, clinical stage. Stage I: tumor diameter <2cm, no adhesion with the skin and no axillary lymph node metastasis; the second phase; tumor <5cm, and coverage of skin adhesion, but can still be driven, there are scattered and the activities of the ipsilateral lymph nodes touched; Stage III: tumor> 5cm, and covering a wide range of skin adhesion, and chest with adhesion, there is integration into the ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes enlarged mission, activities, a small degree; IV: extensive invasion of the cancer, and breast skin, with the chest wall adhesion is fixed, and sometimes tumor ulceration, ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes fused into blocks of fixed, or contralateral supraclavicular palpable axillary lymph nodes, often accompanied by lung, liver, bone and other distant metastasis. In addition, also in accordance with internationally accepted clinical staging TNM staging method.

[Therapeutic measures]

1, such as suspected breast cancer should be immediately hospitalized, should not have cut in clinics for tumor biopsy in order to avoid delay in treatment and cancer spread.

2, in the epidural or general anesthesia to send a complete resection of tumor frozen sections, such as confirmed breast cancer, be guided by the following principles

Phase I: keep pectoralis major simplification of radical surgery, or mastectomy plus axillary lymph node dissection for low (below lateral border of pectoralis minor muscle), hand surgery and radiotherapy.

Phase II: radical mastectomy, or to simplify radical mastectomy, chemotherapy and postoperative radiotherapy was added as appropriate.

Phase III: radical mastectomy, preoperative chemotherapy and postoperative radiotherapy.

IV: General without regard to surgical treatment, using an active combination therapy. However, individual cases, such as the body is better, in order to improve the quality of life, may consider the removal of the primary tumor or a line of mastectomy.

Located inside the first phase of expansion of radical mastectomy of breast cancer in general not work, but in the postoperative radiotherapy with parasternal that may be considered OK to simplify radical mastectomy plus internal mammary lymph node dissection; is located inside the second phase of the radical mastectomy of breast cancer possible plus postoperative radiotherapy, or treated by extended radical mastectomy.

3, the majority of patients with postoperative chemotherapy should be added, especially in estrogen receptor-positive pre-menopausal patients. As early as chemotherapy should generally not exceed 2 weeks after operation. If patients need chemotherapy and radiotherapy was added at the same time who, in principle, should chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy, such as carried out simultaneously, or can be interspersed.

4, should be routinely measured in tumor tissue estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor levels. After taking conventional anti-estrogen drugs, such as tamoxifen 10mg, 3 times per day, for estrogen receptor-positive, or at least take two years, the receptor-positive can take 1 year. 40 ~ 50-year-old pre-menopausal women, such as the large number of axillary lymph node metastasis, estrogen receptor-positive, can be 1 to 2 weeks after bilateral ovariectomy OK.

5, anti-cancer traditional Chinese medicine can be used as a comprehensive treatment of one of the measures applicable in some not suitable for surgery and radiotherapy and chemotherapy or relapse after surgery patients. Fu Shan, Hebei Tumor Hospital, Chinese high-tech achievements developed by the use of cellular and molecular regulators of tumor suppressor Chinese medicine “Fu Shan God” series of agents (Shuiwan, capsules, oral solution, etc.) and tumor suppressor injection, breaking the “poisonous cancer, kill cancer, anti – cancer, “the” traditional mindset, “there is no toxicity of the drugs themselves, nor does it have a direct positive stimulus carcinoma, which is the cell gene therapy in clinical application. Its principle is g cancer: carcinoid tumor angiogenesis inhibiting the formation of networks, blocking nutrient supply to cancer cells, cutting cancer cell metabolism, causing the carcinoid tumor is not source of nutrition and gradually wither, waste can not be discharged gradually degeneration and necrosis, and does not harm normal cells. In enhancing the body’s own immune functions and promote the body’s regeneration of anti-cancer immune monitoring system to activate all kinds of killing cancer cells, while regulating the cell cycle engine, molecular and cell power, so out of control cancer cells to restore the normal circadian rhythm, so that cancer cells reversed. The drug with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, can significantly reduce the radiotherapy, chemotherapy side effects, increase the number of white blood cells. Even if the lost surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with advanced opportunities, but also can control the transfer, less pain, improve syndrome and improve the quality of life and prolong survival time with cancer.